Potential For Water Supply Essay Example for Free

Potential For Water Supply Essay According to the International Water Management Institute environmental research organisation global water stress is increasing, and a third of all people face some sort of water scarcity. Where demand exceeds supply and no effective management operates, there will be conflicts between the various players involved. In addition, global climate change will exacerbate these challenges faced by countries and populations. Shifting precipitation patterns threaten to reduce water availability in some regions while inflicting stronger storms on others, increasing both potential droughts and floods. This may increase the frequency of more serious conflicts and result in ‘water wars’. Meeting the world’s growing water needs will require far more effective use of available resources. By combining appropriate technology, strategic management and involving all the players water conflicts can be avoided. The Nile river exemplifies an International dispute with the source of the conflict being the water supply. Egypt who have a historical right to The Nile are highly dependent on its waters, which are required for agricultural purposes with the waters being a necessity to irrigate the arable land. Many countries in the Nile basin depend heavily on the Nile, with Egypt depending on the Nile for 97% of its renewable water resource. Consequently, The Nile is essential to the food and water security in all of the countries that lie within the Nile river basin. With so many countries being reliant on one single water source it is no surprise that this water supply has increased tensions in the area and that there is a huge potential for it to cause conflict. Ethiopia’s tributaries supply roughly 86% of the Nile however as a result of the Entebbe Agreement Ethiopia and other upstream countries have begun to divert water for new dam projects that would provide hydro-electric power and irrigation networks. These developments upstream have led to threats from Egypt, who are extremely protective over their decreasing share of the Niles water supply. However in order to secure their  supply they must engage in peaceful negotiations as violence would only jeapordise their share of the supply. Thus the potential for water conflict is there as tensions continue to increase between upstream and downstream nations, and perhaps overtime as the downstream nations share of the supply is further squeezed, these tensions are likely to result in conflict. Conflict can also occur within a country, for example the states situated within the Colorado river basin have been constantly squabbling over who owns the water supply and who should be allocated the most water. In the 1920s the ‘Law of the River’ established the division of water amongst the upper basin states, it also defined their responsibility to supply water to the lower basin states. This division had been based on an estimated annual flow of 21 billion m3/yr in 1920, however this was a time of above normal flows, recent studies have indicated that long term average flows are around 18 billion m3/yr. The deficit between the flow and the allocation has become more apparent as the population in the clorado basin states continues to rise. As a result of this deficit tensions are rising between the states, California receives a large percentage of the water as a result of its large population and political power even though the river does not directly flow through it. This has heightened tensions with the states who are experiencing severe water shortages who actually have a grater claim to the river than California. Although the city dwellers may be losing out as they are having to share their water with other states, farmers are profiting as they claimed the land first and thus the majority of water, 80%, lies with them. The Colorado river has not only caused internal disputes but also international disputes, causing there to be the potential for conflict with Mexico. The reason being that the Colorado river is that the basin states are so dependent on the water that the river supplies that it no longer reaches the sea, 90% of the water has been extracted before it reaches Mexico. The delta has decreased in size as a result of the extraction and the large dams put in place along the river such as the Hoover Dam. This did increase political tensions between the two nations and there was a strong potential for the supply of the Colorado river to become a source of  Conflict between the two countries, however in 2012 an amendment was made to the ‘Law of the River’ entitled ‘Minute 319’ which gave Mexico a grater allocation of the water supply. This is an example of how there can be a potential for conflict yet an agreement can be reached to prevent it. Nonetheless there is still a potential for new disputes among the Colorado river, this is less likely to occur internationally on the US-Mexico border as a result of the recent amendment, however at the artificial border drawn at Lees Ferry, between the upper and lower basin states. Aside from the strain put on the supply by a growing population, the upper basin has a small surplus that it is using to develop its economy. However at the same time water shortages in the lower basin could limit the potential for economic growth in the lower basin and thus their remains a potential for the water supply to cause conflict in the future.

battle of hastings recruiting :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  October 14th of the year 1066 two armies faced each other near the town of Hastings. 10,000 Norman troops under the command of William of Normandy faced 8,000 Anglo-Saxon soldiers led by Harold the current king of England. Geoffrey Parker, Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare (Cambridge: 1995), pp. 82-3. Harold's 8,000 men consisted of Housecarls, the local Fyrd, and local village volunteers. David Howarth, 1066: The Year of the Conquest (New York: 1977),pp.170-1 The two armies clashed on that day and history tells us the outcome. But what forces go into creating an army of these sizes? The three main Anglo-Saxon troop types will be defined and the forces that created them will be examined below.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Three troop types would fight for the Anglo-Saxons the Housecarls, the Fyrd, and local peasantry. The Housecarls were professional soldiers under the service of the King and the Earls of the Kingdom. Harold used the Housecarls of the King and his Housecarls of his Earldom of Wessex. He also used the Housecarls of his two brothers. The Fyrd was a volunteer citizen army provided by the Thanes of the kingdom. The local peasants fought to protect their homes. David Howarth, 1066: The Year of the Conquest (New York: 1977), pp. 80-1. There were two divisions of fyrd in the 11th century one consisting of a local peasant force and the other a select levy force. C. Warren Hollister, Anglo-Saxon Military Institutions: On the Eve of the Norman Conquest (Oxford: 1962), p. 26.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The local peasant Fyrd that fought at Hastings came from Sussex. C. Warren Hollister, Anglo-Saxon Military Institutions: On the Eve of the Norman Conquest (Oxford: 1962), p.30. All freemen of the area were obligated to provide protection for the local area. This obligation was connected with financial and agricultural obligations. C. Warren Hollister, Anglo-Saxon Military Institutions: On the Eve of the Norman Conquest (Oxford: 1962), pp. 35-6. The peasant fighting force is a Germanic tradition in origin. Based upon a freeman's duty to defend the lands of the king, however the peasant force is a limited army. The king is required to pay the troops if needed for them to leave the area. The peasants have the right to return to there homes at the end of the day. However, they must provide their own equipment. C. Warren Hollister, Anglo-Saxon Military Institutions: On the Eve of the Norman Conquest (Oxford: 1962), pp. 27-8. The primary function of the peasant Fyrd was to provide defense against enemies attack from the sea, such as the events at Hastings.

Mr. William Bryant And His Romantic Antics Essay

Romanticism is a style of writing based in the late 19th century. It is characterized by nature, individual expression, emotion and imagination. Many writers in his time were part of the Romantic Movement and William Cullen Bryant was one of them. His poems are full of Romantic ideals such as the benevolence of Nature and the emphasis on emotion. Bryant is clearly a Romantic poet and his poems â€Å"Thanatopsis† and â€Å"To a Waterfowl† are clearly illustrations of this. Nature is a big part of both â€Å"Thanatopsis† and â€Å"To a Waterfowl†. In â€Å"Thanatopsis†, Nature actually has a speaking part. The personified Nature teaches the reader to not fear death, but accept it as a part of life. Nature in this poem is very comforting. She is described in detail and is portrayed as calm and compassionate in her way of speaking. In â€Å"To a Waterfowl†, nature is also important and in this poem, it is more concrete than the Nature in â€Å"Thanatopsis†. Bryant is talking about a lone waterfowl that is flying through the air. The waterfowl is part of nature and he questions it as if it would answer. In Romantic poetry, it would answer, as in Thanatopsis, where nature actually speaks to the reader. This also shows the freedom and the mystical aspect in his writing. Idealism is also a big romantic characteristic in these poems. In Thanatopsis, realism would consider death a dark and horrible thing. However, the idealistic Bryant portrayed it as a part of life and that dying would bring you back to the divine Nature. In â€Å"To a Waterfowl†, the bird is solitary because he is a freethinking spirit and is flying free from other’s conventional ideas. This appeals to the radical and the idealistic Romantic in him. This poetry by William Cullen Bryant is clearly of the Romantic style. He uses nature in his poetry in an aesthetic way, stating it as a kind being. Idealism is used in a romantic manner, glorifying death and showing the freedom of life in its natural form. His poetry is full of content and emotion with forgiveness and love. Bryant’s â€Å"Thanatopsis† and â€Å"To a Waterfowl† are two excellent examples of Romantic poetry because they use  Romantic ideas of freedom, idealism, and benevolence of nature.

Video Games Video Game Violence Essay - 1693 Words

Video Game Violence Blood and gore, intense violence, strong sexual content, use of drugs. These are just a few of the phrases that the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) uses to describe the content of several games. The future of entertainment revolves around technology. Along with the evolvement of technology, video games are also changing. More ways of playing violent video games are created each year, but most of us have this question in mind; do violent video games influence people to act aggressively? Video games are a unique form of entertainment because they encourage players to become a part of the game s script. Although video games have been available for more than 30 years, today s sophisticated video games require players to pay constant attention to the game. Players engage on a deeper level—physically and emotionally—than people do when watching a movie or television. Video games follow three guidelines to hook the player. These guidelines include a ‘wow’ moment within the first five minutes of playing the game to grab the player’s attention, communicating the core value of the game, and creating a storyline that the player can follow and ‘get into’ (Zurb). The violence found in today’s video games can be anything ranging from aggressive driving in â€Å"Grand Theft Auto† to defeating the world’s most dangerous enemies in â€Å"Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare† (â€Å"Television and Video Violenceâ € ). Video games cause the player to become more aggressive. Many ofShow MoreRelatedVideo Game Violence : Violent Video Games1626 Words   |  7 PagesDavis English III 27 March 2015 Video Game Violence Violent video games have been being created since the first console. Yet only recently have we been blaming them for aggression in the player. We as humans have a tendency to blame our violent behavior on other things rather thin ourselves. Now aggression is being defined in many ways in this situation but mainly people point to the anger that’s brought out in the real world after the game or maybe it’s the gamers’ tendency to haveRead MoreVideo Game Violence : Video Games892 Words   |  4 PagesVideo Game Violence On December 14, 2012, a twenty year old boy named Adam Lanza shot twenty children and six staff at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut. Before arriving to the school, he shot his mother then committed suicide after the shooting. The reports say that he was influenced to shooting others by the video game â€Å"Call of Duty†. Video game violence is defined as a behavior including physical violence intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or something impacted by videoRead MoreVideo Games : Video Game Violence1502 Words   |  7 Pages2013 Video Game Violence The evolution of video games has taken a drastic change since the 1970’s when video games were first introduced. Since then every decade video games have become more violent in nature with strong language and realistic to suit society today. Craig Anderson states that with more violence in video games they would sell better than games with less violence (Anderson, Gentile, and Beckley pg.5). Violent video games really became popular when the first person shooter games wereRead MoreVideo Game Violence And Violent Video Games2382 Words   |  10 PagesAbstract The issue of video game violence seems to be a hot topic right now after several shootings have occurred and made a connection to the shooters being video gamers. In looking at past research it is apparent that there seems to large amounts of research that contradict one work to another. Although I would have been interested in conducting a poll of the publics opinion regarding the use of violent video games and their connection to mass shootings I was not able to conduct the researchRead MoreVideo Games and Violence1011 Words   |  4 Pagesare probably millions and billions of video games sold every year to people. Some people seem to believe that violence correlates directly with video games. Video games are something that is usually a big interest in people at the ages of 13 to 19 years old. Video games usually start off as a little fun and then turn into a major hobby for some people. Emotions change based on whatever happens while a person is engaging in these games most of t he time. These games are another way to observe how peopleRead MoreVideo Games Violence664 Words   |  3 PagesUNV - 104 August 11, 2013 Video Games and Violence Video games and violence have different effects on children according to the type of video games that is being watched It is important to understand the world of video games. All video games do not prevent violence in children. Parents should take into consideration in monitoring their child while choosing video games. Depending on the video game that is chosen, does not mean the child will result in violent behavior later on in lifeRead MoreVideo Games and Violence1981 Words   |  8 Pagesconcerned about violent video games due to the increased reality in the games. However, society may not realize how children and teens are affected by these games. In modern times, children and young adults are affected by violent games in a negative way by causing changes in their behavior. The average American child watches 28 hours of television a week and by the age of eighteen will have seen 16,000 murders and 200,000 violent acts (Gallagher). People who defend violent games like to po int out thatRead MoreThe Violence Of Video Games971 Words   |  4 PagesMost kids today play video games to entertain themselves and it’s their hobby. Today kids and even young adults play games like Grand Theft Auto V (GTA V), Call of Duty, and Fallout 4. All three of these games were one of the top games of their respective year of release. What do they all have in common? They depict violence in a way that its becoming more realistic every year they’re sequels are released. But what’s up with people blaming video games for mass shootings and other heinousRead MoreVideo Games and Violence942 Words   |  4 Pages Video Games and Violence Awe entering in more advanced society of technology, video games has become a popular source of entertainment among us. Almost all of us has rented or owned a video game and we have spent hours playing it. As we all know, video games have become the second most popular form of entertainment after television; the source of entertainment is proven to be violent. Excessive playing of video games has a huge impact on our life as well asRead MoreDo Video Games Contribute For Video Game Violence?1170 Words   |  5 Pages Do video games contribute to video game violence? I will discuss why video games do not contribute to youth violence, what types of warnings are given by video game companies, and what flaws exist in studies that suggest a correlation between violence and gaming. As the sales of video games have risen in recent years, some groups claim that violence in these games has caused violent behaviors among young players. However, this argument bears little factual evidence supporting such a connection

German SMS Abbreviations Explained and Translated

We used to be the kinds of people who vowed to never â€Å"butcher† the written language, be it German or English when it came to e-mailing and texting. That was a few years ago. Now, we must admit, having seen so many abbreviations, we have joined countless others, in typing at least the more common abbreviations. Germans, as you may have guessed, use some English SMS, but fortunately, German SMS abounds as well. Why not try to impress a German friend with some SMS German texting? Just be sure of thing - please don’t forget how the words really are spelled†¦ 8tung Achtung – watch outads alles deine Schuld – all your faultakla? alles klar? – everything o.k?aws auf Wiedersehen – good byebb bis bald – see you soonbda bis dann – till thenbidunowa? Bist du noch wach? – Are you still awake?braduhi? brauchst du Hilfe? – Do you need help?bs bis spà ¤ter – till laterdad denke an dich – thinking of youdiv danke im Voraus – thank you in advancedubido du bist doof – you are dumbff Fortsetzung folgt – to be continuedg grinsen - smirkgk Gruß und Kuss – hug and kissgn8 gute Nacht – good nighthdl hab dich Lieb – love youhegl herzlichen Glà ¼ckwunsch - congratulationsild ich liebe dich – I love youjon jetzt oder nie – now or neverlg liebe Grà ¼ÃƒÅ¸e – heartfelt regardsmamim a mail mir mal – e-mail memumidire muss mit dir reden – have to talk with youn8 Nacht - nightnfd nur fà ¼r dich - only for youpg Pech gehabt – bad luckrumian ruf mich an - call mesfh Schluss fà ¼r heute- enough for todaysiw soweit ich weiß- as far as I knowsz schreib zurà ¼ck – write backvlg viele Grà ¼ÃƒÅ¸evv viel Vergnà ¼gen – lots of funwamaduheu? was machst du heute? – What are you doing today?Waudi warte auf dich – wait for youWe Wochenende - weekend

Case Analysis Jonbenet Ramsey - 729 Words

JonBenet Ramsey was born on August 6, 1990 to her parents Patsey Ramsey and John Bennet Ramsey. JonBenet was a pageant queen, who won many titles. Those titles include Little Miss Colorado, Little Miss Charlevoix, Colorado State All-Star Kids Cover Girl, America s Royale Miss, and National Tiny Miss Beauty. JonBenet had four siblings: Burke Ramsey, John Andrew Ramsey, (half-brother), Melinda Ramsey Long, (half-sister), Elizabeth Ramsey, (half-sister), died in 1992 at age 22. JonBenet moved to Colorado when she was just a year old. She attended High Peaks Elementary School and was a member of St. John s Episcopal Church of Boulder. JonBenet s last pageant was December 17, 1996. She performed Rockin Around the Christmas Tree and modeled a few outfits. The competition took place at the Southwest Plaza in Denver, Colorado. She was crowned Little Miss Christmas and won a medal for talent. She was only six years old when she was murdered on the night of December 25th, 1996. Her grave lie s in Saint James Episcopal Cemetery in Marietta, Georgia, next to the grave of her mother and sister. As of today, almost 10 years since her death, her murder remains unsolved. JonBenet Ramsey was murdered in her home on December 26, 1996. Her skull was fractured and she was strangled. Noticing that JonBenet was not in bed that morning, Patsy Ramsey called the police after finding a ransom note demanding $118,000 for her daughter s safe return. The girl s body, however, wasShow MoreRelatedCase Analysis : Jonbenet Ramsey1778 Words   |  8 PagesJonBenà ©t Ramsey was murdered in October of 1996. For the last fifteen years police have tried to solve the case, but have had little success. As such, the suspect remains at-large. Due to the high profile of the case it has received national attention. Many people kept track of findings through the news, social media, and with the publishing of books and film. Speculation about the case still remains a popular topic in various genres for the public and other interested parties. The way the caseRead MoreUnsolved Murder of Jonbenet Ramsey1541 Words   |  7 PagesTerrible Murder of a Little Girl Named JonBenet On Christmas 1996 Is It Possible That Mom Was the Killer 6-year-old JonBenet Ramsey had no idea that Christmas of 1996 would be her last, possibly not even her murderer. Sometimes people lose control of situations and act out of rage. Things happen that aren’t meant to and in a panic we do our best to cover things up to avoid the consequences. On the night of December 25, 1996 the Ramsey family went to a Christmas party. TheRead MoreChain of Custody Preservation of Evidence2382 Words   |  10 Pagesyour high integrity and honesty, you will always be open to allegations of civil or criminal liability. The first type of evidence and usually the most obvious is physical evidence. Evidence can be anything from tangible objects such as cartridge cases and firearms to latent fingerprints and DNA. Evidence collection or recovery step in crime scene processing is the methods, techniques, and procedures used in retrieving evidence. Patience and care are very important at the crime scene. The criminalistRead MoreChief Kobys Management Style1551 Words   |  7 PagesOrthmann, 2012). This case study will briefly explore the concepts of the contingency theory, and how it could have been applied to Chief Koby’s management style. The chief’s leadership and management style has greatly affected his organization as a whole. It is also noted that he was severely criticized for mishandling the controversial murder case of Jonbenet Ramsey, along with two other high profile incidents which will be discussed in this case study (Haberfeld, 2013). Analysis Tom Koby startedRead MoreBeauty Pageants: Right or Wrong? Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pagesjudged it should be by a man. Lastly, pageants just aren’t safe. Think back to the JonBenà ©t Ramsey case in 1996. She was known all around the world as a beauty queen, and At the time, the media described her as a painted baby, a sexualized toddler beauty queen. (trutv.com) Her mom dressed her up in provocative clothing and made her look ten times her age; as a result she was a target of a pedophile. JonBenà ©t was taken for ransom from her home, and was found murdered in the basement of thereRead MoreFalse Confession3680 Words   |  15 Pagesthe prevalence rate is unknown, recent analyses reveal that 20 to 25% of prisoners exonerated by DNA had confessed to police, that the percentage is far higher in capital murder cases (White, 2003), and that these discovered instances represent the tip of an iceberg (Drizin Leo, 2004). After reviewing a number of cases throughout history, a nd drawing on theories of social inï ¬â€šuence, Wrightsman and I proposed a taxonomy that distinguished three types of false confessions: voluntary, compliant, and

Interest Rates and Bond Valuation free essay sample

As a consumer, the effective annual rate is the more important rate since it represents the rate actually paid or earned. Â  110. You are considering two annuities, both of which make total annuity payments of $10,000 over their life. Which would be worth more today: annuity A, which pays $1,000 at the end of each year for the next 10 years, or annuity B, which pays $775 at the end of the first year, but the annuity payment grows by $50 each year, reaching $1,225 at the end of year 10? Are there any circumstances in which the two would be equal? Explain. The second annuity weights its payments more toward the back of the period, rather than the front, making it less valuable unless the discount rate is zero. Some students may get tripped up by the fact that the two annuities have the same total payments. This would clearly demonstrate a lack of understanding of the time value of money. We will write a custom essay sample on Interest Rates and Bond Valuation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are three factors that affect the present value of an annuity. Explain what these three factors are and discuss how an increase in each will impact the present value of the annuity. The factors are the interest rate, payment amount, and number of payments. An increase in the payment and number of payments will increase the present value, while an increase in the interest rate will decrease the present value. There are three factors that affect the future value of an annuity. Explain what these three factors are and discuss how an increase in each will impact the future value of the annuity. The factors are the interest rate, payment amount, and number of payments. An increase in any of these three will increase the future value of the annuity. Should lending laws be changed to require lenders to report the effective annual rate rather than the annual percentage rate? Explain the reasoning for your answer. It would be more meaningful for consumers to know the effective annual rate rather than the annual percentage rate. The effective annual rate is slightly more difficult to calculate and also more difficult to explain, and may add confusion to the loan process. However, regardless of the costs, it would appear that consumers would benefit from learning what the effective annual rate is as opposed to the annual percentage rate. Annuity A makes annual payments of $813. 73 for each of the next 10 years, while annuity B makes annual payments of $500 per year forever. At what interest rate would you be indifferent between the two? At interest rates above this break-even rate, which annuity would you choose? How about at interest rates below the break-even rate? This requires the students to actually use the present value formulas, setting the present value annuity equal to the present value of a perpetuity and solving for the interest rate that makes the two equivalent. The first step is recognizing that the indifference point occurs when the two present values are equal. The break-even rate is 10 percent: below that rate, the perpetuity is better, while above that rate, the 10-year annuity is preferred. Â  A friend who owns a perpetuity that promises to pay $1,000 at the end of each year, forever, comes to you and offers to sell you all of the payments to be received after the 25th year for a price of $1,000. At an interest rate of 10 percent, should you pay the $1,000 today to receive payment numbers 26 and onwards? What does this suggest to you about the value of perpetual payments? The present value of the perpetuity is $10,000, and the present value of the first 25 payments is $9,077. 04, thus you should be willing to pay only $922. 96 for payments 26 and onwards. This suggests that the value of a perpetuity is derived primarily from the payments received early in its life, and the payments to be received later have little worth today